For almost five decades, a mysterious fossil discovered during the building of Islington subway station has kept its secrets hidden – until now. A recent study by Trent University, in collaboration with the Royal Ontario Museum and the Royal Alberta Museum, has established a connection between the fossil and two deer species spread throughout North America.
According to Aaron Schafer, an associate professor at Trent University involved in the research, further analysis revealed that the fossil is closely linked to whitetail and mule deer but likely represents a distinct species that diverged approximately 3,000,000 years ago. This fossil, known as “Torontoceros hypogaeus” or the “horned Toronto deer from underground,” is estimated to be nearly 12,000 years old and is considered a unique specimen shedding light on the ancient environment.
Oliver Haddrath, a collections technician at the Royal Ontario Museum, expressed that the fossil’s physical characteristics suggest it was adapted to a more open, tundra-like habitat compared to the forested landscapes of recent centuries. The wide antlers of the deer initially led researchers to believe it was a type of caribou.
Looking ahead, Schafer mentioned that researchers aim to delve deeper into understanding the factors contributing to the species’ extinction. He speculated that climate changes, coupled with genetic issues arising from a small population, might have hindered the deer’s ability to survive.
Although the fossil has been in the possession of the ROM since its discovery, Haddrath explained that advancements in DNA technology have now enabled scientists to unlock previously unanswered questions about ancient specimens. The renovated gallery at the ROM will soon showcase “Torontoceros hypogaeus” for public viewing, providing a glimpse into the prehistoric past.