Researchers at Vitalité Health Network envision a healthcare system where individuals are screened early for hereditary disorders, allowing mothers to understand potential health risks they could pass on to their offspring before conceiving. To achieve this goal, medical teams are working to identify common genetic variants in different regions of New Brunswick. By analyzing genes for defects or mutations, the research team led by Jean Mamelona at the Dr. Georges-L.-Dumont Hospital aims to create the first comprehensive genetic database for each of the province’s seven health zones.
The study focuses on identifying genetic defects that can lead to various disorders, emphasizing conditions like sickle cell anemia, cystic fibrosis, and Huntington’s disease. The information gathered will enable more precise screening and potentially facilitate personalized medicine for residents in the region. The project, initiated in 2018 and supported by Research N.B., plans to complete testing on 60 individuals from each health zone by the end of 2027.
Initial findings from the Acadian population reveal common genetic variants that are likely passed down through generations. The research team has conducted tests in multiple regions, including the Acadian Peninsula, with specific results from the southeast indicating frequent genetic variants among the Acadian participants. These findings suggest a genetic bottleneck effect, a phenomenon attributed to limited gene pools within smaller ancestral groups like the Acadians.
Denis Savard, an expert in Acadian genealogy, explains that the genetic similarities observed among Acadians in New Brunswick can be traced back to historical events, such as population bottlenecks during both the initial French settlement and the Acadian expulsion in the 18th century. The research team emphasizes the importance of detailed genetic testing, especially in homogeneous populations like the Acadians, as it can aid in early detection and preventive measures for hereditary conditions.
Continuing their study, researchers are seeking participants in the Miramichi area and plan to focus on regions with English descent next. To qualify for the study, participants must be at least 19 years old, covered by medicare, not expecting a child, and have two grandparents born in the specific area under investigation. These efforts aim to expand the genetic knowledge base and enhance healthcare practices for future generations in New Brunswick.
