Some of the most iconic species in the world are currently under consideration for additional protection at global discussions in Brazil. Sharks, giant otters, hyenas, and even the snowy owl are among the species proposed for inclusion in the appendices of the Convention on the Conservation of Migratory Species of Wild Animals (CMS), a United Nations environmental treaty. These species share a common trait of not having a single habitat, making them reliant on multi-country cooperation to address threats such as deforestation, climate change, and industrial fishing.
Elizabeth Maruma Mrema, deputy executive director of the UN Environment Programme, emphasized the interconnectedness of these species during the opening news conference in Campo Grande, Brazil. Their movements bridge continents, oceans, ecosystems, and cultures, highlighting the interdependence of the natural world.
Experts interviewed by CBC News provided insights into the movements, threats, and potential conservation strategies for some of these species. The snowy owl, known for its striking appearance with piercing yellow eyes and white feathers, is facing a decline in some regions. While populations in Canada and the northern United States are relatively stable, countries on the species’ fringe are witnessing a decrease in snowy owl presence, with some regions declaring them regionally extinct due to food source depletion.
Regarding the snowy owl’s conservation status, Canada does not currently recognize the need for protection under existing wildlife conservation acts, but discussions are ongoing to assess its threatened status. At the CMS meeting, Norway is advocating for the inclusion of snowy owls in Appendix II to promote collaborative efforts for non-endangered species.
Similarly, hammerhead sharks, described as vital oceanic caretakers by marine ecologist Dr. Pelayo Salinas de León, are facing threats from overfishing due to the high demand for their fins and cartilage. Ecuador has proposed listing two critically endangered hammerhead species in CMS Appendix I for enhanced protection measures, including marine protected areas and sustainable fisheries management to aid population recovery.
Giant otters, as apex predators in South America, serve as indicators of aquatic ecosystem health. Their migration patterns are more continental, with populations in Brazil showing viability while facing extinction in countries like Argentina and Uruguay. The conference discussions aim to raise awareness about the challenges these species encounter, emphasizing the need for international cooperation to preserve their habitats and ensure their survival.
The ongoing conference, featuring discussions on 42 new migratory species proposals, will continue until March 29, with parties voting on the inclusion of species in the appendices to enhance conservation efforts.