A recent study conducted at the Great Lakes Forestry Centre in Sault Ste. Marie, Ontario, has highlighted concerns regarding an invasive insect edging closer to the Canadian border. According to Amanda Roe, a research scientist at Natural Resources Canada stationed at the forestry centre, the spotted lanternfly, especially in its egg form, has shown resilience to extremely cold temperatures, surviving as low as -25°C. This discovery suggests that winter conditions may not be sufficient to prevent this destructive pest from establishing itself in various parts of Canada.
The spotted lanternfly, a sap-sucking insect originating from Asia, utilizes straw-like mouthparts to extract sap from trees and plants. Initially detected in the United States in 2014, the insect has swiftly spread across the eastern U.S., establishing populations in at least 19 states, including Michigan and New York, as well as communities along Lake Erie’s shores.
Olivier Morin, a plant health survey biologist at the Canadian Food Inspection Agency, noted that the spotted lanternfly feeds on over 100 plant species, with grapes being particularly vulnerable to its impact. In infested regions of the U.S., vineyards and agricultural operations have faced significant challenges due to the insect’s feeding habits, leading to reduced crop yields and crop weakening. Additionally, the spotted lanternfly excretes honeydew, a sugary waste that promotes mold growth and coats surfaces.
Amanda Roe emphasized that the insect’s consumption preferences align with human likings, making it more of a threat to enjoyment rather than tree health, despite the importance of affected commodities in many Canadian regions. Notably, the maple syrup industry has expressed concerns as the insect also targets maple trees.
While studies have shed light on the insect’s cold tolerance, Roe highlighted the adaptability of invasive species to new environments over time. Human activities play a significant role in the insect’s spread, with Morin underscoring the spotted lanternfly’s adeptness at hitchhiking. Unlike natural dispersal methods, the insect often travels long distances by attaching to vehicles, cargo, and outdoor equipment, with females depositing egg masses on various surfaces.
Although no established spotted lanternfly populations have been found in Canada, interceptions have occurred on incoming cargo, vessels, and vehicles from the U.S. Morin urged individuals encountering the insect to document, capture if feasible, and report it to the Canadian Food Inspection Agency. While the arrival and spread of spotted lanternflies in Canada are anticipated, efforts are underway to mitigate and delay the potential impacts of their presence.